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DDP vs DDU: Comprendere le responsabilità chiave e il ruolo del DAP negli Incoterms

Creato il 08.26

A Contract and a Costly Misunderstanding

A few years ago, I saw a new importer on the verge of signing a DDP contract, without realizing it meant they could be on the hook for the seller’s customs duty mistakes later. It wasn’t because the seller was dishonest — the problem was that both parties misunderstood how Incoterms actually work.
如果您在国际贸易中待了很长时间，您就会知道这个模式：三字母代码、细则和许多假设。DDP、DDU、DAP……它们在纸面上看起来无害，但它们决定了谁来支付账单，谁因海关延误而失眠，以及谁必须向老板解释为什么货物仍然滞留在汉堡。
Before we drop these terms into a contract and hope for the best, it’s worth slowing down to understand what they actually mean — starting with the dap incoterms meaning.

What Does DAP Actually Mean?

InIncoterms 2020, DAP代表交货地点交付。
Here’s the human version:
  • 卖方将货物送到约定地点——可以是港口、仓库，甚至是您的后院——并承担一切费用，直到他们到达那里。
  • The buyer takes over at that point, paying for import clearance, duties, taxes, and whatever “surprise” fees the local customs office decides to add.
  • The handover of risk happens when the truck pulls up and the goods are ready to be unloaded.
想象一下这就像一个打车应用：司机把你送到你大楼的入口，但一旦你下车，就得自己解决。
Sure, please provide the text you would like me to translate.
Un produttore di piastrelle italiano spedisce sotto DAP a un cantiere a Melbourne. Coprono il trasporto marittimo, l'assicurazione e la consegna al cancello del sito. Ma l'acquirente australiano gestisce la documentazione doganale, i dazi e il GST.
Delivery worker handling fragile packages — example of DAP Incoterms meaning in international shipping logistics.

DDP: 卖方扮演英雄

DDP — Delivered Duty Paid — 是卖方说：“别担心，我会处理一切。”他们安排运输、清关、进口关税和最终交付。
听起来不错，如果你是买家。盒子送到了，清关完毕，准备就绪。然而，我在实际运输中遇到了一些实际挑战：
  • Seller miscalculates duties → unexpected invoices appear weeks later.
  • Customs broker misses a document → shipment sits in a bonded warehouse racking up storage fees.
  • Country-specific rules trip up foreign sellers — for example, some countries won’t even allow a non-resident company to be the importer of record.
Example from my desk:
一家位于深圳的科技分销商向芝加哥发送了一批路由器，采用DDP条款。美国海关代理标记了HS编码，延误使卖方损失了12,000美元的存储和罚款费用。对于买方来说，完全没有影响。

DDU: An Outdated Term That Still Appears in Practice

DDU — Delivered Duty Unpaid — was正式退休于2010年when DAP took its place.
在实践中，它与 DAP 的精神是相同的：
  • 卖方将货物送达目的国。
  • 买方负责进口清关并支付关税/税费。
The main problem with DDU? It wasn’t always crystal clear where responsibility stopped. That’s why the ICC switched to DAP — less room for “I thought you were paying that.”

DDP vs DDU/DAP — The Quick Table

责任
DDP（完税后交货）
DDU/DAP (Delivered at Place)
进口关税和税费
卖家
Buyer
Customs Clearance
卖家
Buyer
Risk Transfer Point
After clearance at final delivery
At destination before clearance
Buyer Involvement
Minimal
High
Seller’s Risk
High
Moderado
See how Dafey handles DDP and DAP shipments

为什么 DAP 从 DDU 手中夺取了王位

When DDU仍然在使用时，我看到许多交易因相互指责而陷入僵局。一个例子？货物滞留在鹿特丹，因为买方认为“未付款”意味着他们也没有付款。
DAP通过明确定义风险转移的点和卖方必须做的事情来解决这个问题。它适用于任何运输方式——集装箱船、货机、铁路或公路——并与现代海关系统良好配合。

The Risk/Cost Handshake

Here’s the golden rule of international shipping terms: the most important part isn’t the letters; it’s the handshake point. That’s when cost and risk change hands.
  • DDP: 卖方在清关并交货后握手。
  • DAP: 卖方在货物到达时握手，但在报关之前。
Get that moment wrong in your contract, and you’ll end up arguing about who should have paid the surprise “documentation fee” at 2:00 AM.
Warehouse staff preparing shipments under DAP Incoterms meaning in an international trade context.

如何决定使用哪个术语

我没有一个适合所有人的答案。但这是我的粗略清单：
  • If the buyer’s green and doesn’t know customs from custard → DDP.
  • If the buyer’s got a savvy customs broker and wants control over duty rates → DAP.
  • If the seller can’t legally be the importer of record → DAP is safer.
Money matters too. DDP can pad the sale price by quite a bit because the seller is taking on extra costs and risk. Sometimes, breaking it into DAP plus separate customs handling saves both parties cash.

Common Blunders I’ve Seen (And Fixed)

  1. Vague destinations — “DAP – USA” is a legal headache waiting to happen. Always name the exact place.
  2. Using DDU in new contracts — It’s 2025; stick with DAP so everyone’s on the same page.
  3. Overpromising DDP — Sellers forget some countries block non-resident importers, creating delivery delays.

A Quick Story from the Field

One of Dafey’s clients, a home décor importer, used DDP from a Turkish supplier. The supplier hit trouble with U.S. customs classification and got slammed with a higher duty rate than expected. The situation ultimately led to a complaint from their finance department.
我们将它们转移到DAP，安排了在新泽西的可信赖的报关行，货物通关更快。现在他们直接支付关税，但他们缩短了交货时间一周，并获得了对到岸成本的更多控制。

Final Thoughts

Here’s the short version:
  • DDP = 卖方全程负责，买方只需接收。
  • DAP (formerly DDU) = 卖方负责大部分运输路线，但买方通过海关完成运输。
如果你对dap国际贸易术语的含义只记住这一点，那就是：如果你想减少意外，清晰胜于便利。双方对风险和成本转移的了解越多，运输和关系就越顺畅。
And if you’re not sure which way to go?Give Dafey a shout. We’ve been through enough port delays, customs hiccups, and last-minute reroutes to know how to pick the safest, smartest term for your cargo.

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