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LCL o FCL? Cosa Nessuno Ti Dice Sulle Decisioni di Spedizione Marittima

Creato il 08.06

1. 为什么这不仅仅关乎运费率

If you’ve ever shipped goods internationally by sea freight, you’ve probably heard the “rule of thumb”:
  • Small shipments? Go LCL (Less than Container Load).
  • Large shipments? Go FCL (Full Container Load).
听起来很简单。但我们已经看到公司即使“遵循了公式”，也会损失数千美元。
What most guides don’t mention:
  • How much 现金流 will be tied up if you book a full container?
  • What happens if one co-loader in an LCL container fails customs inspection?
  • Could port congestion push your FCL container into storage for weeks, racking up fees?
这些并不是罕见的情况——这正是经验丰富的物流经理超越基本的每立方米成本计算的原因。
Aerial view of a container ship loading at an international port during sea freight operations

2. 理解基础知识：什么是LCL和FCL？

在我们深入探讨之前，让我们快速定义这两个选项：
  • LCL（小于集装箱装载）：您的货物与其他公司的货物共享一个集装箱。货运代理在起运港将多个货物合并，并在目的地进行拆分。
According toMaersk, “LCL（拼箱货）为小型到中型货物（< 15 CBM）提供较低的前期成本”
  • FCL（整箱货）：您为您的货物预订一个完整的集装箱（20英尺或40英尺），无论您是否填满它。马士基表示，FCL“适合大宗货物运输，但需要较大的前期投资”。
Each method affects your costs, transit time, and risk differently.

3. 每种方法的优缺点

3.1 LCL: 灵活性适用于较小的货物运输
Advantages:
  • 仅为您使用的空间付费
  • 运送较小的货物量，更频繁地发货，而无需等待装满一个集装箱
  • Easier for small businesses with limited inventory
Disadvantages:
  • Longer transit times due to consolidation and deconsolidation
  • 更多处理，这增加了损坏的风险
  • Delays from other shippers’ paperwork or customs issues can affect your shipment
Example: A start-up shipping six cubic meters of electronics from Shenzhen to Los Angeles might prefer LCL. They avoid holding back inventory waiting for a full container.
3.2 FCL：更快、更安全，更适合大宗货物
Advantages:
  • Faster because the container is sealed and moves directly through ports
  • Lower cost per cubic meter if you can fill most of the container
  • Less handling reduces risk of cargo damage
Disadvantages:
  • Higher upfront cost—you pay for unused space if the container isn’t full
  • Requires more warehouse capacity at the destination
  • More planning needed to fill containers on schedule
示例：一家家具制造商每次订单运输28立方米，通常会通过整箱运输节省更多。每单位的运输成本显著降低，运输时间也有所改善。

4. 成为“最小发货人”的隐患

Here’s a reality many first-time importers don’t realize:
当您使用LCL时，您将受到同一集装箱中其他托运人的影响。如果其他收货人的文件不齐全，海关可能会扣留整个集装箱。
We had a client shipping apparel from Shanghai who faced a nine-day delay because another shipper’s battery products were declared incorrectly.
👉 FCL 避免了这个特定的问题，但它也不是万无一失的。如果您的整箱货物到达像洛杉矶或费利克斯托港这样拥挤的港口，而您无法迅速提货，存储费用可能会飙升到数千。
This is why we always ask clients about their 目的地接送能力 before recommending FCL.

5. 考虑将LCL/FCL作为您库存策略的一部分

Cost and transit time are important, but the smartest businesses look at how LCL vs FCL impacts their 库存策略.
One hybrid approach we often recommend:
  • Use FCL for your predictable base inventory
  • Use LCL “top-ups” for seasonal peaks or sudden demand spikes
This model keeps average freight costs low while giving you flexibility.
Case in point: A client shipping fitness equipment saved 18% in overall logistics costs after shifting to this hybrid model. They booked FCL for baseline stock and LCL for flash sales.
Question for you: If demand spikes unexpectedly, how quickly can you replenish stock? That answer should guide your choice just as much as the price table.

6. 成本比较：LCL与FCL的实际情况

当我们进行海运成本比较时，我们会考虑整个供应链——不仅仅是海洋运输。
6.1 关键成本因素
  • Container utilization: A 20ft container holds ~28 CBM, a 40ft container ~58 CBM
  • Origin and destination charges: LCL often has higher handling fees
  • Inventory holding costs: FCL的更快运输时间可以减少仓库存储费用
  • Customs risk: One LCL delay can throw off entire delivery schedules
运输方式
Best For
Cost Per CBM
Transit Time
风险等级
LCL
小型或不规则货物
Higher
Longer (extra 5–7 days)
Higher
FCL
Consistent, larger shipments
Lower
Faster
Lower
6.2 The danger of ignoring “hidden” costs
Many shippers focus solely on ocean freight rates and forget:
  • LCL目的港的装卸费用要高得多
  • Storage charges for FCL can explode if you can’t collect on time
  • Trucking and drayage fees are different for each method
  • Insurance premiums are typically higher for LCL because of increased handling
Tip: 使用完整的运输成本计算器或向您的货运代理询问门到门的成本估算。像Dafey这样的合作伙伴可以揭示您实际花费过多的地方。

7. 趋势改变了LCL与FCL的计算

Global shipping is evolving, and these shifts can change how you decide:
  • Carbon footprint reporting:
 Larger shippers are now required to track emissions per shipment. FCL generally performs better in CO₂-per-unit metrics, which could impact B2B customers with sustainability goals.
  • Port automation & delays:
 Automated terminals often clear full containers faster. In some ports, FCL has a built-in time advantage.
  • Digital freight platforms:
 Tools like Maersk Spot and Flexport help shippers lock in container space early, reducing last-minute rate spikes.
这些趋势很重要，因为它们可以随着时间的推移改变LCL和FCL之间的成本效益分析。

8. 现实世界的例子：当LCL更聪明时（即使是22立方米）

We worked with a furniture brand shipping from Vietnam to the U.S. They were tempted to book FCL because their volume was just under the 28 CBM capacity of a 20ft container.
但他们的美国仓库很小，无法一次性处理到达的全部货物。
我们将货物分成两个间隔两周的LCL托运。每立方米的费用略高，但他们避免了$3,600的超额存储费用。
Moral: FCL并不总是在整个供应链中更便宜。
Stacked shipping containers at a port representing LCL sea freight consolidation

9. 如何像专业人士一样评估你的选择

When we help clients decide between LCL and FCL, we ask:
  1. What’s your exact CBM and weight?
  2. How much cash flow can you tie up for shipping?
  3. Do you have warehouse capacity to receive full containers?
  4. How predictable is your demand?
  5. How sensitive are you to delays?
Answer these questions honestly, and you’ll be 80% of the way toward making the right call.

10. 为什么合适的货运代理改变一切

Let’s be real: Just comparing prices on Alibaba or some other site only gets you so far. You really need somebody who gets how each choice impacts your actual supply chain.
At Dafey Logistics, we do more than just give you a price. We’ll:
  • Show you how LCL vs FCL affects your cash flow, risk exposure, and storage costs
  • Help you avoid hidden fees at congested ports
  • Build a shipment calendar so you’re not scrambling each month

11. Final thought

The choice between LCL and FCL isn’t only about size or price. It changes how your whole shipping works.
如果您的货物少于15立方米，请选择拼箱（LCL）。超过20立方米？整箱（FCL）可能更好。聪明的公司考虑的不仅仅是成本。他们还考虑仓库空间、港口延误和碳排放报告。
Ready to run the numbers with someone who knows the pitfalls? 👉Contact Dafey for a free consultation.

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